Homework Chart from Class CRES 4

Court Case	The Issue	The Decision
Marbury v. Madison	Madison was sued by Marbury for not delivering his judge commission, despite a congressional order	The Supreme Court held that it is the Court itself that has the final say in what the Constitution means.  It also established the principle of judicial review.
McCulloch vs. Maryland	Does Congress have the power to pass laws and enact programs if those powers are not specifically stated in the Constitution?	No-states cannot tax federal government and under the Necessary and Proper Clause, federal government can use implied powers to carry out expressed powers
Tinker v. Des Moines	Do students have the right to symbolic/pure speech?	Yes-as long as the speech does not disrupt the educational process, is not vulgar, or promotes illegal activities, students retain their rights to free speech
New Jersey vs. TLO	Are students provided the same search and seizure process as adults?	No-Admins do not need a search warrant to search a bag, only reasonable suspicion.
Gideon vs. Wainwright	Gideon, charged with robbery and facing jail time, was denied a lawyer.	Defendants have the right to a state paid attorney under the Sixth Amendment.
Miranda v. Arizona	Miranda kidnapped a teenaged girl. Once arrested, he was not read his rights and confessed to the crime.	Held that a person in police custody cannot be questioned unless told that he or she has a) the right to remain silent, b) the right to an attorney, and c) anything said after acknowledging rights may be used as evidence of guilt in a trial.
Plessy v. Ferguson	Was the Louisiana law (Jim Crow Laws) requiring passenger trains to have “equal but separated accommodations for the white and colored races” within the limits of the Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment)?	Supreme Court ruled that this was legal as long as “separate facilities provided were also of equal caliber”
Brown vs. Board of Ed	Does racial segregation in public schools violate the equal protection clause because it is inherently unequal?	Yes-facilities cannot be separate but equal. The doctrine is impossible to be both.
Baker v. Carr	Do the federal courts have the ability to decide the issues of malapportionment?	Yes. Baker vs. Carr was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that retreated from the Court's political question doctrine, deciding that redistricting (attempts to change the way voting districts are delineated) issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide redistricting cases.

CRES B Review Sheet

CRES B Exam Review

Part 1 - Foundations of Government

1.    Articles of Confederation

2.    Declaration of Independence

3.    U.S. Constitution

4.    Bill of Rights:

5.    Autocracy

6.    Oligarchy

7.    Monarchy

8.    Dictatorship

9.    confederacy

10.  democracy

a.    Direct Democracy

b.    Indirect/Representative democracy (Republic)

11.  federal system

12.  unitary system

Economic Systems

13.  capitalism

14.  communism

15.  socialism

16.  command economy

17.  market economy

18.  mixed-market economy

19.  traditional economy

Part 2 - The Constitution

1. Define bicameral.
2. checks and balances
3. federalism
4. judicial review
5. limited government
6. popular sovereignty
7. rule of law
8. separation of government
9. Describe 3 weaknesses of  the Articles of Confederation. (45)
10. Describe the difference between a federalist and an anti-federalist. (56)
11. What did the federalists add to the Constitution to appease the antifederalists? (Notes)
12. Which 2 amendments in the Bill of Rights really put the antifederalists’ concerns at ease by protecting the rights of people and states? (Notes)

Part 3 - The Legislative Branch

1. Identify the two houses of Congress, and give their respective membership. (How many members each?) (272)
2. List 5 examples of Congress’ enumerated powers in Article I, Section 8. (763-765)
3. Explain what implied powers are, or how they are different from the enumerated powers.
4. What are enumerated/expressed powers?
5. Ex post facto law:
6. Bills of attainder:
7. Writ of habeas corpus:
8. List 3 qualifications each to be a member of the House of Reps and the Senate. (272 & 277)
9. Define census, reapportionment, redistricting, and gerrymandering. (Glossary, Notes, …)
10. What is a filibuster? (Glossary/Vocab)

Part 4 - The Executive Branch

1. List the two titles/heads of the executive branch at both the national and state level.
2. List 3 of the powers of the President as stated in Article II, Section 2. The veto power is not one of them. The veto power is stated in Article I. (767-768)
3. Identify 3 of the roles of the President and give 1 example of a function in that role. (354-355)
4. Identify the first 3people to succeed the President if he/she is unable to fulfill their duties. (359)
5. Place the corresponding amendment with the correct summary of that amendment. (776-779)
6. Give 3 similar powers and 3 different powers of the executive branches at the state and national level. (PowerPoint Notes, internet)

Part 5 - The Judicial Branch

1. Define jurisdiction and give one example. (508-509)
2. Give one example each of a court case that would be held in a State District Court and a Federal/Federal District Court. (chart on 508)
3. Who appoints Supreme Court Judges and who confirms/approves the appointments? (509)
4. Define precedent. (Glossary)
5. Identify the precedent set in the 1803 case of Marbury v. Madison. (Vocab 1B, 518, 519, 802)
6. Identify 2 of the 3 precedents set in the 1819 case of McCulloch v. Maryland. (Vocab 1B, 95, 739, 740, 802)

Part 6 - Local and State Governments

1. Define the terms demographics, Smart Growth, eminent domain, and urban sprawl. (Notes, Vocabulary, …)
2. Define concurrent powers and list 3. (93)
3. Define reserved powers and list 3. (92-93)

Supreme Court Cases

1         Marbury v. Madison

2         McCulloch v. Maryland

3         Tinker v. Des Moines

4         New Jersey v. T.L.O.

5         Gideon v. Wainwright

6         Miranda v. Arizona

7         Plessy v. Ferguson

8         Brown v. Board of Ed.

Amendments

9         1^st Amendment

10      4^th Amendment

11      5^th Amendment

12      6^th Amendment

13      7^th Amendment

14      8^th Amendment

15      9^th Amendment

16      10^th Amendment

17      14^th Amendment

Amendments Continued

18      14^th Amendment

19      15^th Amendment

20      19^th Amendment

21      20^th Amendment

22      22^nd Amendment

23      23^rd Amendment

24      24^th Amendment

25      26^th Amendment

Unit 4A: Civil Liberties

26      civil liberties

27      clear and present danger

28      defamation

29      establishment clause

30      free exercise clause

31      incorporation

32      libel

33      petition

34      prior restraint

35      pure speech

36      seditious speech

37      Selective Services

38      slander

39      symbolic speech

Unit 4B: Civil & Criminal Law

40      civil law

41      criminal law

42      defendant

43      due process

44      exclusionary rule

45      felony

46      grand jury

47      habeas corpus

48      indictment

49      misdemeanor 

50      petit jury

51      plaintiff

52      plea bargain

53      precedent

54      preponderance of the evidence

55      presumption of innocence

56      probable cause

57      prosecutor

58      reasonable doubt

59      subpoena

60      tort

61      warrant

Unit 4C: Civil Rights

62      Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

63      affirmative action

64      civil rights

65      Civil Rights Act of 1964

66      equal protection clause

67      Higher Education Act/ (Title IX, 1972)

68      Voting Restrictions: poll tax, lit. test, grandfather clause

69      Voting Rights Act 1965