The Philosophers
read and answer the questions that follow
Thomas
Hobbes
v “Life was solitary, poor, nasty, and short.”
v Humans are motivated by own selfish interests
o
Believed that is
everyone is only going for their own self-interests, than there could be no
government, no laws, and no justice
v A social contract must be formed, where men
exchange liberty for security
v Believed rebellion was unjust, but if a
revolution occurs, a new absolute government is created
John
Locke
v Two Treatises of Government
o
Disprove the idea
of a divine and absolute monarch
o
Create a theory
that would restore the liberty of the citizens
v Men are born free and equal
v Government is kept by a social contract
v People had the right to revolt and change
government if they didn't hold up the social contract
JJ
Rousseau
v “Man is born free and is everywhere in chains”
v Creator of the Social Contract
v Men were “noble savages” and society was
artificial and corrupt
v All individuals must surrender their liberty
so everyone can have a common will in society
Charles
de Montesquieu
v A government that is divided best serves the
people
v No liberty or justice where the three branches
(legislative, judicial, and legislative) are controlled by the same person.
Questions
1. Who said people had a right to revolt against
the government?
2. The creator of the Social Contract Theory, he
said individuals must surrender their liberty for the common will of society.
3. He said three branches of government were
required, but could not be run by the same person.
4. He believed revolt was unjust and humans were motivated
by their own selfish interests.
END OF DOCUMENT
Read and answer the questions that follow.
Founding
Document Comparisons
Many English
documents, colonial charters, and American documents influenced the system of
government in the United States.
Although the best known founding documents are: the Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution and the US
Bill of Rights, these documents draw on others in English and European
history including the Magna Carta,
English Petition of Right, and English
Bill of Rights. The concept of limited government, as well as many
other principles, was not new to the Founding Fathers; it was a concept that
they took from English History and the European Enlightenment.
In 1215 King John of England was forced by English
nobles to sign the Magna Carta. This document was the first in a long line of
documents that would increasingly limit the power of the English Monarch. The Magna
Carta limited the
power of the Absolute Monarch, by
requiring protections of the rights of nobles.
These protections included:
nobles were to be consulted on any new taxes, the King couldn’t take the
nobles’ land without due process of law,
and they were entitled to a trial by a
jury of their peers.
The first government in
the American colonies established on the principle of the consent of the governed was at Plymouth Colony. The Mayflower Compact was
the first colonial document establishing a limited
government. All decisions for the
colony would be made by majority vote
(of the men only).
Representative government was soon established
throughout the American colonies. Each
colony created a representative assembly using the concept of popular sovereignty, where the people rule over themselves either directly
or through their elected representatives. The Colonial assemblies were elected by the people. A royal governor was appointed to oversee
each colony, and an independent judiciary was created. As the colonies grew economically and
politically, they wanted to increase their power in government. Colonists were not directly represented in
the British Parliament, and as
Britain increased its power over the colonies, the colonists grew more
angry. The result was the American
Revolution/ War for Independence.
The
new United States government announced the creation of its own nation through
the Declaration of Independence. The purpose of this document was to explain why the colonists felt they
needed to break with Britain. The
document not only declares the independence of the 13 colonies, it also
declares that government is derived from the consent of the governed, that natural
law demands that all men are created equal and have the natural rights of life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness from birth.
This document also explained that the government’s primary purpose is to protect these rights
and when a government doesn’t do this, it is the duty of the citizens to
overthrow that government and establish a new government. This document did not
set up a structure of government, only the basic principles upon which our
government was founded.
The Articles of
Confederation were used to establish the government structure and function
during the early years of the United States.
Under the Articles, the United States was a confederate form of government, where
each state had sovereignty
(self-rule); a weak national government was created for economic purposes and
collective protection. Due to the
many weaknesses in the Articles,
they were replaced in 1789 by the US
Constitution. ]. Although the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution used different forms of government (confederate &
federal), the political system was the same – representative democracy.
Under the Constitution,
many principles from English documents, as well as new principles from the
European Enlightenment, were used. The
Enlightenment was a time in Europe where much was written about how government
should work. The Baron de Montesquieu,
a French nobleman, supported the idea of separation of power and checks and balances. Montesquieu especially liked the
British system of separating powers of government into 3 branches and then
creating powers that each branch had over the other to check and balance the
power. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes, both Englishmen, wrote about the social contract that existed between the government
and the people (that the people gave power to the government in exchange for
protection of rights); Locke also discussed the concept of natural rights – life, liberty and
property. Jean Jacques
Rousseau, a
Swiss philosopher, discussed the role of the citizen in government, the
concepts of popular sovereignty and direct democracy; that the power of the government to
rule rests in the people. A final
concept: rule of law, was incorporated to provide for equality of all citizens. Under the rule of law, no matter who you are the law
applies equally to all people.
All of these concepts were incorporated into the Constitution.
The Founding Fathers also
included some basic protections within the Constitution as well. No Bills
of Attainder were allowed under the new Constitution. This meant
that Congress could not pass a law that specifically punished a person or a
group of people (the judicial branch is the only branch with the power to
punish). Also, the writ of habeas corpus (the right of prisoners to petition the
government for a hearing) could not be suspended unless it was a national
crisis or time of war. Ex post facto laws were also not
permitted; these laws make an action illegal after the fact – it was legal at
the time you participated in the behavior.
The final specific protection was against requiring a religious test for office. The government could not require public
officials to be a specific religion.
Many Americans, especially in the south
did not trust the federal form of
government created under the new Constitution
even with the protections explained above. This group, known as the Anti-Federalists, refused to sign the
document unless a Bill of Rights was
added. Eventually the Federalists, those who supported the Constitution, agreed to add this Bill of Rights in order to get the Constitution ratified, but instead of a
listing of rights, the Bill of Rights
was a listing of the limits of the power of government. The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution became known as the Bill of Rights. Within these amendments are protections of
basic rights of Americans.
Comparing & Identifying Founding Documents
Directions:
Using the previous reading, complete the chart and activities that
follow.
Document
|
Description/Purpose
|
Magna Carta
|
|
English Bill of Rights
|
|
Mayflower Compact
|
|
Declaration of
|
|
Articles of Confederation
|
|
US Constitution
|
|
US
Bill of Rights
|
1. Which two documents set up the structure and
function of the United States Government?
2. Which document lists the limits on the powers
of the United States Government in order to protect the rights of citizens?
3. Which document established the first written government in the
American colonies?
4. Which documents from
English history established a limited form of government?
5. Which document had many problems and was
replaced by the US Constitution?
6. Which document explained
why the American colonies wanted to break with Britain
7. How are the Magna Carta, English Bill of
Rights, and US Bill of Rights similar?
END OF DOCUMENT
Declaration of
Independence: Analyze
Directions: Now that you have thoroughly read the
Declaration of Independence, choose two “Basic Rights” statements, two
“Intentions” statements, and four “Wrongs” and re-write them in your own words.
Pages 40-43
Basic Rights (2):
Colonists’ Intentions
(2):
Wrongs Committed by
Great Britain (4):
Reviewing the Declaration of Independence:
1.
Which truths in the second paragraph are
“self-evident”?
2.
According to the Declaration, what powers belong
to the United States as “Free and Independent States”?
3.
Why do you think the colonists were unhappy with
the fact that their judges’ salaries were paid for by the king?
4.
Do you think the words “all men are created
equal” were intended to apply to all human beings? Explain your answer.
The Articles of Confederation Chapter 2.3
Directions: Use the information in your textbook (pgs 44-47)
to complete the diagram.
Government
Structure of the Articles of Confederation
|
||||||||
|
|
|
||||||
List the 10 powers of Congress
Weaknesses of the Articles – List 8 State
Obligations – List 6
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7.
8.
END OF DOCUMENT
Directions: Constitutional Convention Chapter 2.4: Complete the
following handout using Chapter 2, section 4 of your textbook.
Virginia Plan
|
VS.
|
|
Structure of Government
|
||
Representation was based on?
|
||
Who Liked it? Why?
|
||
Who Disliked it? Why?
|
Describe the 3/5 Compromise Describe the Connecticut Compromise Describe the Interstate Commerce and Slavery Clause |
|||
END OF DOCUMENT
| |||
Principles
of the Constitution
Complete
the chart below – pages 64-70 of your textbook OR you may use your Smart Device
to check out this website: http://theconstitutionpolik6.weebly.com/6-basic-principles.html.
Principle
|
Description
|
Example
|
For our first
writing assignment, you will turn your completed graphic organizer. You need to
create a separate paragraph for each principle; however, each paragraph needs
only three sentences. Use the organizer to explain each principle of the
Constitution and provide an example.
END OF DOCUMENT
CONSTITUTION
SCAVENGER HUNT
Directions:
Use a copy of the Constitution to answer the following questions.
Preamble
1.
What
are the five goals listed in the preamble?
Article I
2.
What
is the subject of Article I of the U.S. Constitution?
3.
How
often are Representatives elected?
4.
What
are the qualifications for anyone running for Representative?
5.
How
often are senators elected?
6.
What
are the qualifications for anyone running for the senator?
7.
Who
is the president of the Senate?
8.
When
is the leader of the Senate allowed to vote?
9.
Which
legislative body has the power of impeachment and which legislative body has
the power to hold the trial for impeachment?
10.
How
many votes are necessary to convict someone who has been impeached?
11.
Where
do all money bills originate (begin)?
12.
List
six of the enumerated powers of Congress.
13. When can the writ of habeas corpus be
suspended?
Article
II
14.
What are the qualifications needed to be elected president?
15.
List three powers of the President.
16.
Who has to ratify a treaty made by the President?
Article
III
17.
What is the term for a Supreme Court justice?
18.
Treason is the only crime explained in the Constitution. Explain the way to convict a person of treason.
Article
V
19. How can Congress propose an
Amendment to the Constitution?
20.
How can the states ratify an Amendment to the Constitution?
Article
VII
21.
How many states must ratify the Constitution before it became law?
Summarizing
Information
Directions:
Use the Constitution and the answers to the questions above to complete
the chart below.
Branch
|
Legislative
|
Executive
|
Judicial
|
Overall Purpose/
Function
|
|||
Titles of People
|
|||
Powers
|
END OF DOCUMENT
Checks
and Balances
Read and answer the questions/complete the chart that follow.
The framers of the Constitution were fearful of the national government becoming too powerful, so they developed a system of checks and balances that allowed each of the three branches of government to check the power of the others. Each branch was given one unchecked power, but all other powers exercised by any branch can be checked by the others. The unchecked powers are: Legislative Branch – power of impeachment – only the legislative can bring charges against and try public officials, their decision is final – neither of the other two branches can do anything about it; Executive – pardons – the President can pardon whomever s/he chooses, and for any reason, once the pardon is made there is nothing the Legislative Branch can do because Bills of Attainder are unconstitutional and the Judicial Branch cannot hear the case again because of the prohibition against double jeopardy in the 5th Amendment; the Judicial Branch has the power of acquittal – which is to find someone not guilty of a crime – again the Legislative cannot do anything because Bills of Attainder are unconstitutional, and the Executive cannot bring charges again because of 5th Amendment protection against double jeopardy. Each of these unchecked powers actually benefits the public by protecting rights, whereas the other checked powers could more easily be abused to take away the people’s rights.
The framers of the Constitution were fearful of the national government becoming too powerful, so they developed a system of checks and balances that allowed each of the three branches of government to check the power of the others. Each branch was given one unchecked power, but all other powers exercised by any branch can be checked by the others. The unchecked powers are: Legislative Branch – power of impeachment – only the legislative can bring charges against and try public officials, their decision is final – neither of the other two branches can do anything about it; Executive – pardons – the President can pardon whomever s/he chooses, and for any reason, once the pardon is made there is nothing the Legislative Branch can do because Bills of Attainder are unconstitutional and the Judicial Branch cannot hear the case again because of the prohibition against double jeopardy in the 5th Amendment; the Judicial Branch has the power of acquittal – which is to find someone not guilty of a crime – again the Legislative cannot do anything because Bills of Attainder are unconstitutional, and the Executive cannot bring charges again because of 5th Amendment protection against double jeopardy. Each of these unchecked powers actually benefits the public by protecting rights, whereas the other checked powers could more easily be abused to take away the people’s rights.
Checks
and Balances Questions
Directions:
Use the chart on the previous page (ABOVE) to complete the table below.
Government Action
|
How is this power checked?
|
By which branch is it checked?
|
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
END OF DOCUMENT
Powers of the Government
Chapter 4 Section 1 Guided Reading: Read
chapter 4 section 1 through page 98, and complete the information below.
I. National Powers
1. Define Delegated
Powers:
2. Complete the chart
below:
Type of Delegated Power
|
Definition
|
Examples
|
Expressed/
Enumerated
|
||
Implied
|
||
Inherent
|
3. Explain the
Necessary and Proper Clause:
4. Powers Denied to
the National Government (list 3)
II. State Powers
5. Define Reserved
Powers – Provide at least 3 examples of reserved powers
6. Powers Denied to
the State Governments (list 3)
III. Shared Powers
7. Define Exclusive
and Concurrent Powers – Provide at least 3 examples of each
IV. Supreme Law
8.
Explain the Supremacy Clause.
END OF DOCUMENT
Federalism/Powers
When the US
Constitution was written, multiple levels of government already
existed: national, state, and
local. This new structure or form of
government created a stronger national or federal
government that oversaw the entire nation and was the Supreme law of the
land. Powers were delegated directly to the federal government, there were also
specific powers that were reserved
to the states alone, and there were powers that were shared concurrently between the different
levels of government. There were also
powers that were denied to all
levels of government by the Constitution
including: no Bills of Attainder (Congress cannot pass a law that punishes a
person/group -- this is the power of the judicial branch), no ex post facto laws – (the legislative
branch cannot make something illegal then apply that law to an event that
occurred before the law was passed), the government cannot require a person be
a specific religion in order to hold a public office.
Directions:
Review the diagram below and answer the questions on the page that
follows.
Federal
Powers
|
|
Concurrent Powers
|
Levy
and Collect Taxes
Make,
enforce and interpret laws
Punish
Lawbreakers
Protect
the rights of citizens
Pardon
and reprieve prisoners
Establish
and maintain courts
|
State Powers
|
Determine
voter qualifications
Conduct
Elections
Govern
marriage and divorce laws
|
DENIED Powers
|
Ø Bills of
Attainder
Ø Ex Post
Facto Laws
Ø Tax
exports
Ø Grant
Titles of Nobility
|
Federalism/Powers
Directions:
Using the box below label each action with its appropriate power.
Delegated
Powers/Federal Reserved
Powers/State
Concurrent Powers/Both Denied
Powers
|
1. ________________________ Print dollar bills
2. ________________________ Conduct elections
3. ________________________ Set up courts to
punish lawbreakers
4. ________________________ Place taxes on
exports
5. ________________________ Makes laws
6. ________________________ Sends troops to war
7. ________________________ Decide who can vote
and who cannot
8. ________________________ Decide how old you
have to be to get married
9.
________________________ Appoint foreign ambassadors
10.
_______________________ Levy taxes on imports
11. _______________________ Collect taxes
12. _______________________ Pardon federal
criminals
13. _______________________ Reprieve criminals
who have broken state laws
14. _______________________ Sign treaties with
other countries
15.
_______________________ Draft citizens into the armed forces
16. _______________________ Review the
constitutionality of federal laws
17. _______________________ Set a waiting period
before receiving a divorce
18. _______________________ Settles
problems/disputes between the states
END OF DOCUMENT
PRINCIPLES
OF GOVERNMENT
DIRECTIONS: Read each excerpt and determine from the
list below which principle(s) of government are illustrated by the quote. More than one principle may apply.
Federalism
Limited Government
Popular Sovereignty
Checks & Balances
Separation of Powers Individual Rights
Rule of Law
Consent of the Governed
EXCERPT/EXAMPLE
|
PRINCIPLE(S) OF GOVERNMENT
|
1.
We hold these
truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are
Life,
Declaration of
|
|
2. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted
among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…
Declaration of
|
|
3. In the future no bailiff shall upon his own unsupported
accusation put any man to trial without producing credible witnesses to the
truth of the accusation.
Magna Carta
|
|
4.
No freeman shall be
taken, or imprisoned, or disseized [seized], or outlawed, or exiled, or in
any way harmed--nor will we proceed against him or prosecute him--except by
the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.
Magna Carta
|
|
5. Article. I. - Section. 1. -
All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the
United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. --U.S. Constitution
|
|
6.
Section. 2. - The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members
chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the
Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors
of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
--U.S. Constitution
|
|
7.
The Senate shall
have the sole Power to try all Impeachments.
|
|
8.
When the President
of the
|
|
9. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the
House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with
Amendments as on other Bills.
|
|
10. Every Bill which shall have passed the House of
Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented
to the President of the United States: If he approve he shall sign it, but if
not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall
have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal,
and proceed to reconsider it.
|
|
11. Section. 10. - No
State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters
of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold
and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex
post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any
Title of Nobility.
|
Principles of Government Continued
Federalism
Limited Government
Popular
Sovereignty
Checks & Balances
Separation of Powers
Individual
Rights
Rule of Law
Consent of the Governed
EXCERPT/EXAMPLE
|
PRINCIPLE(S)
OF GOVERNMENT
|
12. Article. II. - Section. 1. - The executive
Power shall be vested in a President of the
|
|
13. Section. 2. - The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law
and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States…to
Controversies between two or more States;-- between a State and Citizens of another
State …and between a
State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
|
|
14. Article.
VI. - This
Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance
thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority
of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in
every State shall be bound thereby…
|
|
15. Amendment
XIV - No State shall
make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of
citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of
life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any
person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws
|
|
16. Amendment
XV - The right of
citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude—
|
|
17. Amendment
XIX - The right of
citizens of the
|
|
18. Preamble -- We the People of the
|
|
19. Amendment X - The powers not delegated to the United States by the
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people.
|
|
20. Amendment I - Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of
grievances.
|
|
21. That the subjects which are Protestants may
have arms for their defense suitable to their conditions and as allowed by
law;
English Bill of Rights 1689
|
|
22. That the People of this State ought to have
the sole and exclusive right of regulating the internal government and police
thereof
|
|
23. That election of members of Parliament
ought to be free;
English Bill of Rights 1689
|
END OF DOCUMENT
Read the following cases. They will be very important in the following units.
Marbury vs. Madison
Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803),
was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the
basis for the exercise of judicial
review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. The landmark decision helped define the
boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches
of the American form of government.
The case resulted from a petition to
the Supreme Court by William Marbury, who had been appointed Justice of the
Peace in the District of Columbia by President John Adams but whose paperwork
was not delivered. Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court to force the new
Secretary of State James Madison to deliver the documents. The Court, with John
Marshall as Chief Justice, found firstly that Madison's refusal to deliver the
paperwork was illegal. Nonetheless, the Court did not force Madison to hand
over Marbury's paperwork, instead saying Marbury’s claim to the Supreme Court
was itself unconstitutional.
McCulloch vs. Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland,
17 U.S. 316 (1819), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.
The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation
of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on
all banks not chartered in
Maryland. Though the law, by its language, was generally applicable to all
banks not chartered in Maryland, the Second Bank of the United States was the
only out-of-state bank then existing in Maryland, and the law was recognized in
the court's opinion as having specifically targeted the U.S. Bank. The Court
invoked the Necessary and Proper
Clause of
the Constitution, which allowed the Federal
government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution's list
of express powers, provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express
powers of Congress under the Constitution.
This case established two
important principles in constitutional law. First, the Constitution grants to
Congress implied powers for implementing the
Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional
national government. Second, state
action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal
government. When state and federal government clash, the federal government is
ruled supreme.
END OF DOCUMENT
1B Cloze Notes
1B: Founding
Documents
— Magna
Carta: signed by King John in 1215, established basic rights such as trial by
jury and due process of law
— Petition
of Right: signed in 1628 by King Charles I, stated king could not imprison
people without a trial, could not rule by the military, or require homeowner’s
to shelter troops, and challenged the divine right of kings
— English
Bill of Rights: signed in 1689 by William and Mary, gave citizens right to a
fair trial, prohibits a standing army in peace time, parliamentary elections be
free, freedom from excessive bail, and prohibits cruel and unusual punishment
The Articles of Confederation
— Established
a firm league of between the independent states
— Weak
government
— Allowed
each state to keep its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power
— States
would come together for defense, general welfare, and security of liberties
— The
Articles were (formally approved) after all 13 states signed
Though eleven states signed in 1777, the Articles could not
go into effect until 1781, because Maryland would not sign. The Articles
required all 13 states’ approval
— A
Congress was the body of government
— . ,
meaning only a single house
— Each
state received one vote, regardless of size
— No
or branches
¡ Handled
by committees in Congress
— Every
year, Congress would choose a presiding officer
Problems in the Confederation
— Distrust,
jealousy, and bickering grew amongst states without a central government
— Individual
states made treaties with foreign governments
— Made
own money, military, and trade regulation
Shay’s Rebellion
— Economic
chaos resulted in property owners losing their land due to debt
— Daniel
Shay’s led a rebellion that forced several state courts to close
— State
forces united to quiet the rebellion
— This
led states to think about a government
Mount Vernon
— Maryland
and Virginia had bitter trade disputes
— Washington
invited delegates from each state to his home in Mount Vernon for talks
— These
negotiations led to a meeting of all states
Annapolis
— September
1786-only 5 of 13 states sent representatives
— Called
for a second meeting in February 1787
— Congress
called upon all states to send representatives to this meeting.
— This
led to the Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention
— Began
in May 1787
— All
states but Rhode Island attended
— Members
included James Madison, George Washington, Ben Franklin, and Alexander Hamilton
— Met
in Independence Hall
— Discussions
ensued from May to September, 1787
Ratifying the Constitution
— Constitution
was printed and sent out among the states
— Two
groups emerged: and
— Federalists
ratification
— Anti-federalists:
the constitution
Fighting Points
— Two
major arguments over the Constitution were
¡ 1.
The greatly increased powers to the government
¡ 2.
A lack of a of
— Original
Constitution did not provide for the basic rights of US citizens
— Finally,
Constitution was ratified
— George
Washington became president in April 1789.
— The
Bill of Rights is what pushed the through.
Outline of the Constitution
— . :
The introduction to the Constitution
— . :
The seven sections of the Constitution that deal with power an organization.
— . :
change or addition to a constitution or law
Vocab Terms
— Popular
Sovereignty: Political power resides in the
— Limited
Government: Government can only do certain things that the people have it to do
— Separation
of Powers: Basic powers of government are separated among independent and distinct branches of
government
— Checks
and Balances: Each branch of government subject to constitutional by other branches
— Judicial
Review: Power of to determine what government does is in accord
with the Constitution
— Federalism:
Division of power among government and governments
The Division of Power
— Bills
of Attainder: legislative act that inflicts punishments without a court .
— Consent
of the Governed: government‘s moral
right to use state power is only justified and legal when derived from
the people or society over which that political
power is exercised.
— Ex
Post Facto Law: a law applied to act committed said law was passed
— Writ
of Habeas Corpus: designed to prevent unjust and .
— Officers
must explain why a person has been arrested
END OF DOCUMENT
1B Review Sheet
What was the result of McCulloch v. Maryland?
Explain Marbury
vs. Madison
What
is federalism?
What
is the main purpose of the Bill of Rights?
Describe the structure of the national
government under the Articles of Confederation
What is a similarity between the United States
Constitution and the Declaration of Independence? What is the MAJOR difference?
What
event caused many Americans to want a strong national government?
What
says the US Constitution is the highest law of the land?
What
are the first 10 amendments called?
How can the Constitution be changed?
What are your due process rights?
Who believed that man was born with the
natural right to life, liberty, and property? (Unalienable rights)
What helped push through the
ratification of the Constitution?
What are powers that belong to both the state and federal
governments?
What were the
weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Which political philosopher believed you
could overthrow the government?
What
are powers that belong to the state governments?
What was America’s first
National written form of government?
Why did the smaller
states want the New Jersey plan?
Why
was the Magna Carta important because?
What
elevated the Supreme Court to the status balancing the powers of the other
branches?
Why
do we have a system of checks and balances?
What
are powers that are delegated to the national government by the Constitution?
What is a Bill of Attainder?
Know powers belonging to state governments and national
governments (ones we highlighted in class)
Know the 1st, 5th, 9th, and 10th amendments
What is judicial review?
What is the Supremacy Clause?
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