Homework Chart from Class CRES 4

Court Case	The Issue	The Decision
Marbury v. Madison	Madison was sued by Marbury for not delivering his judge commission, despite a congressional order	The Supreme Court held that it is the Court itself that has the final say in what the Constitution means.  It also established the principle of judicial review.
McCulloch vs. Maryland	Does Congress have the power to pass laws and enact programs if those powers are not specifically stated in the Constitution?	No-states cannot tax federal government and under the Necessary and Proper Clause, federal government can use implied powers to carry out expressed powers
Tinker v. Des Moines	Do students have the right to symbolic/pure speech?	Yes-as long as the speech does not disrupt the educational process, is not vulgar, or promotes illegal activities, students retain their rights to free speech
New Jersey vs. TLO	Are students provided the same search and seizure process as adults?	No-Admins do not need a search warrant to search a bag, only reasonable suspicion.
Gideon vs. Wainwright	Gideon, charged with robbery and facing jail time, was denied a lawyer.	Defendants have the right to a state paid attorney under the Sixth Amendment.
Miranda v. Arizona	Miranda kidnapped a teenaged girl. Once arrested, he was not read his rights and confessed to the crime.	Held that a person in police custody cannot be questioned unless told that he or she has a) the right to remain silent, b) the right to an attorney, and c) anything said after acknowledging rights may be used as evidence of guilt in a trial.
Plessy v. Ferguson	Was the Louisiana law (Jim Crow Laws) requiring passenger trains to have “equal but separated accommodations for the white and colored races” within the limits of the Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment)?	Supreme Court ruled that this was legal as long as “separate facilities provided were also of equal caliber”
Brown vs. Board of Ed	Does racial segregation in public schools violate the equal protection clause because it is inherently unequal?	Yes-facilities cannot be separate but equal. The doctrine is impossible to be both.
Baker v. Carr	Do the federal courts have the ability to decide the issues of malapportionment?	Yes. Baker vs. Carr was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that retreated from the Court's political question doctrine, deciding that redistricting (attempts to change the way voting districts are delineated) issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide redistricting cases.